How can I improve protein stability?

Optimize elution conditions by gradually lowering the pH from a high value; neutralize the purified sample promptly, or even neutralize while purifying; prepare and store the sample at low temperatures during the purification process; add protein protectants such as glycerol and Tween; when antibody concentration is high, dilute in time to avoid the risk of aggregation due to high concentration.

How can I confirm that the expressed protein is my target protein?

The verification can be done from the following three aspects:First, at the molecular sequence level, after constructing the expression vector, the expression plasmid is sequenced for confirmation. Sequencing files can be used for verification.Second, during the expression process, a comparison is made between induced and uninduced lysis buffers. Differences in protein bands can be detected by SDS-PAGE. The difference can be observed at the theoretical size of the target protein.Lastly, Western blot (WB) validation can be performed using tag antibodies or antibodies specific to the target protein.If protein verification is needed, protein coverage analysis can be conducted by comparing the theoretical sequence with the actual coverage ratio. However, the purity of the target protein must be greater than 90%. If the purity is lower, the coverage ratio may be affected. For lower purity samples, gel slicing can be performed for further analysis.

Do the expressed recombinant antibodies have activity?

The advantage of eukaryotic expression systems over prokaryotic systems is that the protein activity is generally better. In theory, most proteins expressed in eukaryotic systems are active. However, the stability of different samples may vary, so the actual experimental results should be used as the basis for determining protein stability.

What are the differences between using HEK293 cells and CHO cells for expressing recombinant antibodies in mammalian systems?

Advantages of CHO Cells:Can grow stably in chemically defined, serum-free suspension cultures.Well-characterized genome and generally safe with respect to human pathogenic viruses.Capable of human-like post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation).Amenable to genetic modification and stable cell line generation.Advantages of HEK293 Cells:Faster growth rate compared to many other mammalian lines.High cell density and very high transfection efficiency.Produce post-translational modifications that closely resemble human protein structures.

What information do I need to provide to start protein expression?

Clients need to provide the gene sequence. Once confirmed, our team will design the optimal expression strategy for your project.

How is pricing determined and what if expression fails?

Pricing depends on gene length and protein difficulty. For non-guaranteed expression services, if expression is unsuccessful, 50% of the cost may be charged. Guaranteed expression services ensure successful production. The default delivery is 1 mg, with larger amounts available upon inquiry.

What happens if the protein expression is not successful?

For certain services, if protein expression fails, clients may be charged 50% of the project cost to cover the expenses already incurred. Guaranteed expression services include multiple strategies to ensure success, minimizing the risk of failure.

What peptide lengths and scales can you synthesize?

We can synthesize peptides up to 30 amino acids for standard orders, with scales ranging from 1 mg to 1 g for lab-scale projects, and up to 1 kg or more for large-scale/bulk synthesis.

What purity levels are available for peptides?

Peptides can be provided at purity levels from 75% to 98%, allowing you to select the optimal balance between cost and experimental requirements.

Are there any limitations on peptide sequences?

Standard synthesis is optimized for peptides up to 30 amino acids. For longer sequences, complex modifications, or unusual amino acids, we recommend consulting with our team for customized solutions.

Can these antibodies be used directly in experiments, or do they require further purification?

Depending on the service, some antibodies are provided as purified protein ready for use, while others, like plate supernatant antibodies, may require additional purification before sensitive applications.

What is the difference between Standard Recombinant Antibody Expression and Guaranteed Recombinant Antibody Expression?

The main differences are in quantity, turnaround time, and QC standards:Standard Recombinant Antibody Expression: Designed for research-scale production (3 mL – >1 L). It has a fixed 2-week turnaround and high QC standards (SDS-PAGE >95%, HPLC >95%, Endotoxin <1 EU/mg). This service is ideal when the primary goal is rapid, small- to medium-scale antibody production.Guaranteed Recombinant Antibody Expression: Provides a guaranteed yield (10–1000 mg) and a slightly longer turnaround (2–5 weeks). QC standards are also high (SDS-PAGE >95%, HPLC >90%, Endotoxin <1 EU/mg), but this service is specifically suitable when a precise amount of antibody is required for experiments or downstream applications.

Can you produce antibodies with custom modifications, such as bispecific formats or tagged versions?

Yes, we offer custom bispecific antibodies and tagged formats (e.g., VHH-His, VHH-Fc). Secondary purification can be requested to meet specific research requirements.

What sample materials are required for hybridoma sequencing?

Customers should provide more than 1 × 10⁶ frozen hybridoma cells or Trizol-processed cells. Antibody subtype information and hybridoma species/source details are also needed.

What is the typical turnaround time for sequencing services?

The turnaround time is approximately 1–2 weeks, depending on the service type (variable region sequencing, full-length sequencing, or NGS high-throughput sequencing).

What deliverables will I receive?

You will receive an electronic report containing the antibody light and heavy chain sequences, along with raw sequencing data (NGS in FASTQ format, no chromatogram files).

What types of antibodies can be obtained through this service?

Our Antibody Screening Service covers monoclonal antibodies from single B cells (mouse and rabbit), as well as nanobodies from natural human or camelid libraries. Clients receive validated sequences and, where applicable, recombinant antibody proteins suitable for downstream research or therapeutic applications.

What happens after supernatant screening in single B cell antibody discovery?

After supernatant screening, approximately 100 μL of culture supernatant from each positive clone is provided to the client for functional validation. Only the candidates that pass this validation proceed to antibody gene sequencing and recombinant expression.

What types of phage display libraries do you offer?

Human antibody library: Derived from 100 donors, with a titer of 2×10¹³ PFU.Camelid VHH (single-domain) library: Derived from 200 camels, with a titer of 2×10¹³ PFU.

What is included in the Antibody Discovery service?

Our Antibody Discovery service covers the full workflow from antigen design and synthesis, immunization, hybridoma or polyclonal screening, antibody purification, functional testing, and optional labeling or fragmentation. We provide high-affinity, validated antibodies ready for research or therapeutic applications.

What makes the Rapid Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody service faster than standard polyclonal antibodies?

The Rapid Rabbit service uses an optimized high-efficiency immunization system, reducing the immunization period to 4 weeks while still producing high-affinity, validated antibodies. This allows delivery of purified antibodies and functional data in just 7 weeks, compared to 9–11 weeks for standard polyclonal services, without compromising quality or specificity.

Can I use these antibodies directly in my experiments?

Yes! All antibodies are validated, and accompanied by ELISA or QC data, ensuring they are ready for research.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What information do I need to provide to?

Clients need to provide the peptide sequence(s). For modified or structured peptides, specify the modifications or structural type required.

Q: How long does antibody production or sequencing take?

Our services are designed for rapid turnaround: e.g. recombinant antibody production in 2–5 weeks, hybridoma sequencing in 1–2 weeks.

Q: What quality control measures are included?

All antibodies undergo rigorous QC such as SDS-PAGE (>95%), HPLC purity checks, and endotoxin testing (<1 EU/mg). Sequencing services include raw data, sequence verification, and optional NGS validation.

Q: Can I customize the antibody format or target?

Yes. We support full-length IgG, Fab, VHH, and polyclonal antibodies, across multiple species (mouse, rabbit, camelid). Clients can provide their own antigens or request custom antigen design and preparation.Recombinant Antibody serviceHybridoma sequencing ServiceAntibody Screening serviceAntibody Discovery

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Product FAQs

What information do I need to provide to?



Clients need to provide the peptide sequence(s). For modified or structured peptides, specify the modifications or structural type required.

How long does antibody production or sequencing take?



Our services are designed for rapid turnaround: e.g. recombinant antibody production in 2–5 weeks, hybridoma sequencing in 1–2 weeks.

What quality control measures are included?



All antibodies undergo rigorous QC such as SDS-PAGE (>95%), HPLC purity checks, and endotoxin testing (<1 EU/mg). Sequencing services include raw data, sequence verification, and optional NGS validation.

Can I customize the antibody format or target?



Yes. We support full-length IgG, Fab, VHH, and polyclonal antibodies, across multiple species (mouse, rabbit, camelid). Clients can provide their own antigens or request custom antigen design and preparation.

Recombinant Antibody service

Hybridoma sequencing Service

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What materials do I need to provide to start a recombinant protein expression project?



To begin a project, clients need to provide the DNA sequence of the target protein. Any specific requirements regarding expression system, protein quantity, or purity can also be communicated to help design the optimal expression strategy. Additional services, such as endotoxin removal, protein purification, or QC options, can be requested based on the project needs.

What deliverables are included with each service?



Clients receive purified protein (with SDS-PAGE >85% purity), expression plasmids, optional expression strains, and a COA report. Additional QC options, such as SEC-HPLC, endotoxin testing, Western blot verification, and protein coverage analysis, are also available upon request.

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Tsingke Updates

2025-08-12

High-Accuracy Gene Synthesis: Overcoming GC-rich Challenges

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2025-07-31

Tsingke Biotech Hosts 2025 Small Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Roundtable in Beijing

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